After the failure of European Defence Community EU ministers continued to work on the project of European integration, in particular, proposals for a customs union and the production of atomic energy, developed during the Messina Conference in June 1955 gave new impetus to the project and preparatory work that led signature of the Treaties of Rome.
In fact, the two treaties, signed in Rome on 25 March 1957, introducing and regulating, respectively:
- European Economic Community (EEC)
- European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and entered
into force January 1, 1958.
The treaties were signed by representatives of the six founding countries :
- Belgium France
- Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
- Federal Republic of Germany
The solemn ceremony was held at the Capitol, the Hall of Palazzo dei Orazi e Curiazi Conservatives, where the same 29 October 2004 representatives of the 25 European Union member states signed the Constitution for Europe.
The Treaties of Rome included, inter alia, the establishment of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, composed of 142 members appointed by the parliaments of the six member countries of the Community. The inaugural session of this body, having at that time only in an advisory capacity, was held in Strasbourg on 19 March 1958 under the chairmanship of Robert Schuman. Only in 1962, the Assembly would take the name of the European Parliament and, until 1979, the first votes would take place by direct universal suffrage for the election of its members.
Treaty establishing the EEC
Usually with the Treaty of Rome indicates, however, only the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community. This treaty provided:
- the elimination of customs duties between Member States;
- the establishment of a common external tariff;
- the introduction of common policies in agriculture and transport;
- the creation of a European Social Fund;
- the establishment of the European Investment Bank;
- the development of cooperation between the Member States.
To achieve these objectives, the Treaty lays alcune linee guida e definisce il quadro per l'attività legislativa delle istituzioni comunitarie, in particolare riguardo alla politica agricola comune (articoli 38-43), la politica dei trasporti (articoli 74-75) e una politica commerciale comune (articoli 110-113).
Il mercato comune basato su quattro libertà fondamentali: libera circolazione delle persone, dei servizi, delle merci e dei capitali, che avrebbe dovuto realizzarsi in un periodo di dodici anni, in tre fasi successive (articolo 8).
Trattato Euratom
Il trattato Euratom fu, inizialmente, elaborato per coordinare i programmi di ricerca dei Paesi aderenti al fine di promuovere un uso pacifico dell'energia nucleare. Esso mira alla condivisione delle conoscenze, delle infrastrutture e del finanziamento dell'energia nucleare.
Questo trattato non ha mai subito modifiche ed è attualmente in vigore. Solo il trattato costituzionale dell'UE prevede alcune modifiche, di natura finanziaria e istituzionale, da apportare al trattato Euratom nel "protocollo che modifica il trattato Euratom" allegato alla Costituzione.
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